PCI Bus
Peripheral Component Interface
[PCI Bus Description]
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A Brief Description of the Peripheral Component Interface 'PCI' Bus
The Peripheral Component Interface 'PCI' Bus was originally developed as a local bus expansion for
the PC (ISA) bus, and was coined the PCI Local Bus. The spec started as an add-on to the ISA form
factor with the PCI requiring its own connectors. The PCI spec defines the Electrical requirements
for the interface. No bus terminations are specified, the bus relies on signal reflection to achieve
level threshold.
The first version of the PCI bus ran at 33MHz with a 32 bit bus (133MBps), the
current version runs at 66MHz with a 64 bit bus. The PCI bus operates either synchronously or
asynchronously with the "mother Board bus rate. While operating asynchronously the bus will operate
at any frequency from 66MHz down to (and including) 0Hz. Flow control is added to allow the bus to
operate with slower devices on the bus, allowing the bus to operate at their speed. PCI is an
unterminated bus, the signal relay on signal reflections to attain there final value. The PCI
specification has been port-ed to a number of other form factors. These include:
PCI: The original specification 'Peripheral Component Interface', @ Rev 2.2
PCI-X: The latest version 64 bits at 133MHz
cPCI, Compact PCI: PCI in a VME form factor, 3U/6U using 2mm connectors
PC104-Plus: PCI add-on to the PC104 spec, ISA in a square form factor
PISA: PCI add-on with PCAT to the ISA AT form factor
P2CI: PCI on the VME64 P2 connector
PMC: PCI on a Mezzanine Card, 'PMC'
PXI: cPCI for Instrumentation
IPCI: Industrial PCI (Another version of cPCI}
Serial PCI PCI on a serial link
Card Bus: 32 bit PCI on the PC Card (PCMCIA) Format
Each of these additional specifications rely on the PCI spec., normally only the mechanical (form
factor) definition changes.
Unlike earlier PC buses, the PCI bus is processor independent.
The (64bit) PCI bus is made up of the following (major) signals:
Address/Data Bus: 64bit Address; 64bit Data, Time Multiplexed
System Bus: 2bits; Clock/Reset
Interface Control Bus: 7bits; Ready, Acknowledge, Stop.
Parity Bus: 2 bits, 1 for the 32 LSBs and 1 for the 32 MSB bits
Errors Bus: 2 bits, 1 for Parity and 1 for System
Command/Byte Enable: 8 bits (0-3 @ 32bit, and 4-7@ 64bit Bus)
64MHz Control: 6 bits; (2) Enable/Running, (2) Present, (2) Ack/Req
Cache: 2 Bits
Interrupt bus: 4 bits
JTAG Bus: 5 bits
Power: +5, +3.3, +12, -12v, GND
The Time Multiplexed Address and Data bus may exist as either 0 to 31 bits (32bits) or 0 to 63
bits (64bits) using the 64 bit expansion bus. Both the Address and Data line use the same bus,
Address first then Data. 32 bit PCI may also use 64 bit addressing by using two address cycles;
termed Dual Address Cycles (DAC), the low order address is sent first. Additional control bits
are utilized once the bus is increased to 64 bits.
The specification defines both a Reset line and a Clock line. The Clock may be either 33MHz or
66MHz. I believe the 66MHz clock rate is only defined for the 64bit bus width. See PCI Bandwidth, below.
A number of 'Handshake' lines exist to allow communication, i.e. Ready, and Acknowledge
Two Parity lines are made available, one for the 32 bit bus width (bits 0 to 31) and an additional
one for the 64 bit expansion (bits 32 to 63). Two error bits; I assume, 1 for the LSB 32 bits and
one for the upper 32 bits.
PCI cards for a personal computer differ from the ISA type by two important factors:
Components are mounted on the reverse side of the card & the edge connector is more dense, shorter and the keys reside in different locations |
The PCI bus uses either 32 or 64 bits of parallel data, depending
on the version. So with each clock tick, 32 or 64 bit data is transferred
over the bus. Transferring 64 bits at a time translates to a very large
parallel bus, using a minimum of 64 lines in addition to all the required
control and signal lines. A new version of the PCI bus has been released
using a differential serial bus instead of a parallel bus [Parallel PCI].
The upgrade path for PCI would be PCI-X for higher speed operation.
However if compatibility is not required, PCIe would be the preferred alternative.
The new serial PCI Bus is called the PCI Express Bus: while the version discussed on
this page is now referred to as Conventional PCI. The PCI Express bus
offers a reduced cost solution because the PCI Express Bus only requires
a few sets of differential lines freeing up board space and requiring a
smaller connector. The motherboards appearing in 2004 began to have a PCI
Express bus instead of an AGPnote 1 slot connector, and
one or two PCI Express slots next to the remaining Parallel PCI bus
slots. Over the next few years the PCI Express bus will replace the
Parallel PCI bus slots on a MotherBoard because of its reduced cost
and high bus speed. The PCI Express bus is not compatible with the
standard PCI bus. The PCI Express connectors, signal voltage levels, and
signal format are different then with PCI. However; the physical size of
PCI Express cards has the same dimensions as standard PCI cards. The main
physical difference between the two bus formats lay with the connectors,
the main electrical difference is a differential serial bus instead of a
single ended parallel bus. The point here is that although Parallel PCI
is not yet obsolete, there is a state-of-the-art replacement in PCI
Express. Keeping in mind that Parallel PCI will be around for years to
come just as the ISA bus is still around.
Note 1 Recall the AGP bus was derived from the PCI bus. |
The PCI bus doesn't use Glue logic, being developed as a single
chip interface bus. So signal chip solutions or ASIC parts are the only
PCI chips listed below.
PCI is a CMOS bus, with no current flowing in the
static state. The +5 volt interface uses standard TTL switching levels;
VIH = 2v, VOH = 2.4v. The +3.3 volt interface uses
VIH = 1.65v, VOH = 2.97v
Integrated Circuit Vendors;
Altera {PCI Cores}
Analog Devices {ISA-PCI Interface Bus ICs}
Conexant {PCI video decoders}
Cirrus Logic {PCI-Disk Controllers}
Cypress Products
Dolphin Interconnect LLC {PCI to StarFabric Bridge}
Eureka Technology, Inc {PCI Host Bridge, AHB-PCI Host Bridge, PCI-PCI Bridge, PCI-ISA Bridge, PCI Bus Arbiter}
IDT {PCI to StarFabric Bridge}
Infineon Technologies {PC Chips-DRAM Controller ICs}
Intel
Marvell {PCI chip set Manufacturer}
PLX Technology Inc. {PCI to PCI Bridge ICs}
QLogic {PCI-SBus Interface Bus ICs}
QuickLogic {PCI Controller}
Texas Instruments 'TI' {Bridges-Controller IC Manufacturer}
Xilinx {FPGA Core 32-bit PCI system running at speeds up to 66 MHz}
IC Chip Manufacturers {All other functions and interfaces}
Note that support for IC semiconductors will continue to fall as the interface becomes older.
No new semiconductors will be developed for such an out-dated interface.
{PCI Bus Index}
PCI Local Bus Specification:
PCI version 1.0 was developed by Intel in 1991 but not released by
a Standards body.
PCI revision 2.0; released in 1993; 32-bit, 33MHz bus.
PCI revision 2.1; released in 1995; 32-bit, 33MHz / 64-bit, 66MHz,
Universal PCI for 3.3v or 5v cards
PCI revision 2.2; released 1998; minor clarifications /
enhancements.
PCI revision 2.3; released in 2002; removed 5v only cards
PCI revision 3.0; released in 20xx; removed 5 volt interfaces
altogether.
PCI Standards Body:
PCISIG: Peripheral Component Interconnect - Special Interest Group [www.pcisig.com]
PICMG [www.picmg.org] {PCI Industrial Computer
Manufacturers Group}
PCI in other Form Factors:
PCI: The original specification 'Peripheral
Component Interface', @ Rev 2.1
PCI-X: The latest version 64 bits
at: PCI-X 66, PCI-X 133, PCI-X 266 and PCI-X 533 [4.3GBps]
cPCI, Compact PCI: PCI in a VME form
factor, 3U/6U using 2mm connectors
Mini PCI: PCI in a small form factor
for Laptops, 59.75 mm x 50.95 mm x 5mm. 32 bit data bus running at
3.3v
PC104-Plus: PCI add-on to the
PC104 spec, ISA in a square form factor
PCI/104: PCI only to the PC104
spec, removing the PC XT and AT buses from the PC/104 specification
PISA: PCI add-on with PCAT in the ISA AT form factor
P2CI: PCI on the VME64 P2 connector
PMC: PCI on a embedded Mezzanine
Card, 'PMC'
PXI cPCI for Instrumentation
IPCI: Industrial PCI (Another version of cPCI}
Serial PCI: PCI on a serial link
Card Bus: 32 bit PCI on the PC Card
(PCMCIA) Format
PCI Express Bus: PCI over a differential
serial link. The PCI Express physical layer is not compatible with the
PCI bus listed on this page
Mini PCI Express Bus: PCI over a differential serial link in a
small form factor for Laptops.
The PCI Express physical layer is not
compatible with the PCI bus listed on this page
Note: the PCI bus has been ported to a number of
different embedded or industrial card form factors, many different board
types are listed above.
How ever; this page may be missing some. Use the
Buses icon at the bottom of the page to search for a particular embedded
board form factor or bus type.
Other PCI form factor bus pages may
contain additional data or pin outs. Some buses use the PCI bus
specification out-right, others change the form factor.
Some specifications use a
reduced pin-out, while others only use the minimum bus width of 32 bits ~
all PCI based.
Keep in mind the PCI Express bus discussed above remains
software compatible with the older Parallel PCI bus, but is not
electrical or physically compatible.
Common PCI Bus Questions:
Can I use a PCI card in a PCI Express card slot; No the
electrical and physical interfaces are completely different.
Can I use a PCI Express card in a PCI card slot; No electrical and
physical interfaces are completely different.
Can I make a dongle to convert PCI card in a PCI Express card slot; No
not with out a major design effort.
Is the PCI Express card pinout the same as a PCI card pinout; No, the
slot pin outs are completely different.
Is the PCI Express card slot faster than a PCI card slot; Yes, see the
PCI Express page.
I'm an over-clocker, do I need a Parallel PCI slot, No it's older
technology operating at a reduced speed.
Can I convert a PCI card into a PCI Express card slot; No, Not really,
with out a major engineering effort.
Can I purchase a converter which translates a PCI card into a PCI Express
card slot; Yes.
Why would I want a Parallel PCI bus slot; to use older PC cards currently
still being produced in the market place.
Should I purchase a mother board with an older PCI slot; it depends on if
you want to add a card which is not yet produce using PCI Express.
So, if your a high-end user, or PC Over-Clocker, you want PCI EXpress, or
a computer at the lowest value and don't plain to add a card, you want
PCI.
What is PCI; an expansion bus for personal Computers used at add cards
and features to a PC mother board.
PCI Local Bus implementations will support up to four add-in card connectors,
although expansion capability is not required to support daughter boards.
Four sizes of PCI add-in cards are defined: long, short, Low Profile, and variable short
length.
The long add-in cards include an extender to support the end of the add-in card.
To accommodate the 3.3V and 5V signaling environments and to facilitate a smooth migration path between the
voltages, two add-in card electrical types are specified:
a "universal" add-in card which
plugs into both 3.3V and 5V connectors and a "3.3 volt" add-in card which plugs into
only the 3.3V connector.
PCI Card |
PCI card dimensions Full/Half Size 3.3 volt Card Detailed Dimensions
The standard PCI Form factor is 106.68mm x 312mm [4.2" x 12.28"]
PC PCI card dimensions Half Size Detailed w/ PCI and ISA Bus Pinout
The standard PCI Form factor is 107mm x 312mm [4.2" x 12.28"]
PC PCI Pinout 32/64 bit cards. PCI Signal Assignments.
Signal Descriptions and signal names are also provided on the pin-out page.
Designer note; the pinout provided on the pin-out pages relates to the PCI main board connector on the mother board.
Add-in cards [daughter boards] may have a slightly different connector pin out.
|
{PCI Bus Index}
A PCI connector accepts a card edge. The PCI connector will have one or
two keys [plastic gaps] in the connector.
One key-Way indicates 3.3 volt operation [instead of 5 volt operation], and the other Key-Way indicates
64-bit operation.
A 32 bit card would only have one key at most to
indicate 3.3 volt operation.
Refer to the PCI Pin Out page for the location
of the Key-Ways.
Laptops/NoteBooks which use the Mini PCI standard [link
above] use a different type of connector.
Only manufacturers producing connectors for the Desk Top Personal Computer PCI Bus are listed below.
Refer to the other pages listed above to find connector manufacturers of
the other types of embedded PCI buses.
32-bit 5V: Connectors with the notch farthest from the backplate
32-bit 3.3V: Connectors with the notch closest to the backplate
32-bit Universal PCI: Connectors with notches in both the 5V and 3.3V positions
64-bit 5V: 32-bit 5V PCI connectors, two key ways off-set right of center
64-bit 3.3V: 32-bit 3.3V PCI connector, one key far left, one just center right
64-bit Universal PCI: 32-bit Universal PCI connector, one key far left,
two key ways off-set right of center
PCI Connector Dimensions
AVX {PCI connector
Manufacturer}
FCI
Meritec {5v/3.3v angled PCI
Connectors, PCI Cable Assemblies}
Tyco Electronics
{Back to Peripheral Component Interface Bus [PCI] Index}
There are a number of possible PCI bus speeds based on the clock rate.
These are peak transfer rates, which translate to interface bandwidth.
132 MB/s using a 64-bit data path at a 33 MHz clock rate.
264 MB/s peak using a 32-bit data path at 66 MHz
264 MB/s peak using a 64-bit data path at 66 MHz
532 MB/s peak using a 32-bit data path at 133 MHz
1064 MB/s peak using a 64-bit data path at 133 MHz
Although PCI was never really used as a video interface, because AGP was introduced.
This link provides a through-put graph of the different video interfaces; Bandwidth comparison of different video expansion buses, PCI included.
As with any speed rating; a capital M means Mega, and a capital B stands for Bytes.
Modified 2/26/12
© 1998 - 2012 All rights reserved Leroy Davis
