PC Video Monitor Buses

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This is a subdivision of common PC Video Monitor buses. Video Buses designed to operate with Personal Computers [PC's] are listed here. This page lists all the types of video interfaces which operate over a cable, from the Personal Computer [PC] to a Monitor. Video interface Bus types that operate over a back plane are listed on their own pages. Types of Video interfaces that operate over the MotherBoard include the AGP Bus, PCI Bus, PCI Express Bus, the ISA/AT Bus and the Versa Local Bus. Video connections which may only be found on an Apple computer are listed on the Apple Monitor page. A few SGI pinout table links are also included. The SGI links are listed at the bottom of the page, but all links point to pinout tables. Back to the main Interface Bus page

CGA [Color Graphics Adapter]: The CGA standard [1981] supports several different modes; the highest quality text mode is 80x25 characters in 16 colors. The monitors are digital with a composite signal which is at TTL logic levels; Hs, Vs, and RGBI all at TTL logic levels. This is an OBSOLETE bus. The cable uses a 9-Pin D connector. The pinout follows:
Pin 1: GND, Pin 2: GND, Pin 3: Red, Pin 4: Green, Pin 5: Blue, Pin 6: Intensity, Pin 7: NC, Pin 8: Horizontal Sync, Pin 9: Vertical Sync. GND = Ground, NC = No Connect

DFP [Digital Flat Panel] connector pinout and signal names. The DFP specification was released in 1999 and was intended as an interim standard between the VGA interface and the P and D connector.

DISM [Digital Interface Standards for Monitors] released as JEIDA-59-1999. DISM accepts all three competing technologies, TMDS, LVDS and GVIF, as its standard data-transfer formats. The group of proposed standards includes 6 different digital interfaces with 14, 20, 26 and 36-pin [MDR] connectors.

DisplayPort : Could be the replacement to both the DVI and VGA interfaces on the PC [released in 2007].

DVI [Digital Visual Interface]: A digital rather then an analog interface which is better then any analog only interface listed on this page.

EGA [Enhanced Graphics Adapter]: This EGA standard [1984] offered improved resolutions and more colors than CGA. EGA allowed graphical output up to 16 colors (chosen from a palette of 64) at screen resolutions of 640x350, or 80x25 text with 16 colors, all at a refresh rate of 60 Hz. The monitors have a digital interface. OBSOLETE bus. The link provides the Pinout for the connector. The cable uses a 9-Pin D connector. The pinout follows:
Pin 1: GND, Pin 2: Red Intensity, Pin 3: Red, Pin 4: Green, Pin 5: Blue, Pin 6: Green Intensity, Pin 7: Blue Intensity, Pin 8: Horizontal Sync, Pin 9: Vertical Sync. GND = Ground, NC = No Connect

EVC [Enhanced Video Connector] connector pin-out and signal names

FPDI [Flat Panel Display Interface] describes the electrical layer, logical layer, and connector interface between flat panel displays and display controllers in an integrated environment. Also FPDI-1, used with VGA and SVGA [800 x 600]. Followed by FPDI-2

MDA [Monochrome Display Adapter]: established by IBM as part of the original Personal Computer [PC]. MDA is a monochrome-only, text-only standard, allowing text display at 80x25 characters. This bus is OBSOLETE. The cable uses a 9-Pin D connector. The pinout follows:
Pin 1: GND, Pin 2: GND, Pin 3: NC, Pin 4: NC, Pin 5: NC, Pin 6: Intensity, Pin 7: Mono Video, Pin 8: Horizontal Sync, Pin 9: Vertical Sync. GND = Ground, NC = No Connect

MCGA [Multicolor Graphics Array]: Video interface found on PS/2 computers over a 9-pin D connector. This is an OBSOLETE bus.

OpenLDI [Open LVDS Display Interface]: was released in 1999 and was based on the LVDS interface using a 36-pin MDR connector. Open LDI included USB and DDC/EDID support.

PGA [Professional Graphics Adapter]: The PGA standard appeared in 1984 as an analog interface. This is an OBSOLETE bus. The cable uses a 9-Pin D connector. The pinout follows:
Pin 1: Red, Pin 2: Green, Pin 3: Blue, Pin 4: Composite Sync, Pin 5: Mode Control, Pin 6: red Ground, Pin 7: Green Ground, Pin 8: Blue Ground, Pin 9: Ground

P&D [Plug and Display Interface] describes the Physical, Electrical layer and Logical layer, and connector interface between Monitors and display controllers. This interface combines a number of different electrical interfaces into one system, to include USB and/or a IEEE 1394, I2C, and Analog video signals. Cable length is not defined.

UDI {Unified Display Interface Standard is a lower cost version of DVI/HDMI video interfaces, released in 2006}

VGA [Video Graphics Array]: VGA [1987] is a superset of EGA, incorporating all EGA modes. Older displays sent digital signals to the monitor, while VGA (and later) send analog signals. This change was necessary to allow for more color precision. Resolution of 640 x 480.

SVGA [Super VGA] offers more colors and resolutions, but really does not exist as a single standard. The primary standard refers to the BIOS, and how the computer talks to the monitor. VESA Display Data Channel [DDC] is a VESA standard that defines how to read certain pins in a standard SVGA monitor to query the monitor's capabilities. Resolution of 800 x 600.

VMChannel [VESA Media Channel] describes a hardware interface for desktop multimedia systems. The VMChannel is a multiple master, multiple drop, clock synchronous interface designed for concurrent pixel data streams. VMChannel enables the real time flow of uncompressed multimedia pixels in a bidirectional fashion between multiple video adapters.

VAFC; VESA Advanced Feature Connector. A point-to-point interface between a display adaptor and video board. 32-bits at 150MBps over an 80-pin cable.

VFC; VGA Feature Connector. A point-to-point interface between two video boards. 8-bits at 40MBps over an 26-pin cable via a card edge connector.

VSIS; Video Signal Standard, from VESA

XGA [Extended Graphics Array]: IBM introduced [1990] the XGA interface as a successor to its 8514/A display. Resolution of 1024 x 760.
The cable uses a 15-Pin HD connector [High density]. The pinout follows:
Pin 1: Red, Pin 2: Green, Pin 3: Blue, Pin 4: ID Bit, Pin 5: NC, Pin 6: Red GND, Pin 7: Green GND,
Pin 8: Blue GND, Pin 9: NC, Pin 10: GND, Pin 11: ID Bit, Pin 12: ID Bit, Pin 13: Horizontal Sync, Pin 14: Vertical Sync, Pin 15: NC. GND = Ground, NC = No Connect

13W3 interface normally found with Sun Computers.

SGI Bus [Silicon Graphics Inc] produces works stations, a few pinout tables are listed on this page.
9-Pin Digital Video
Flat Panel Digital Video
DB-15 Video Interface
SGI O2Cam Video Interface Pinout
SGI Pinouts, additional

All of the different interface Video bus pages listed above deal with layer 1 [Physical, Electrical and Mechanical Layer] of the OSI protocol stack. Many pages also reference layer 2; the Data Link Layer [which provide bit/byte stuffing, checksum, Protocols..].

Question; what types of video interfaces are there. Answer; the different types of video buses are listed above.

Additional Listings: Video Cable Manufacturers, or Video Style Connectors

Engineering Key Words: SGI, Pinout, Video, Pin out, Monitor Port, PC, Personal Computer, Display interface, LCD, CRT, Monitor, Display, Port, DB15, DE15, Connector, Cable.

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